* LOCUS
  - founded by Charlie Brown, Dave Vanderwerf, and Ed Meskys
    > (mini bio of Charlie Brown here)
      -- was active Lunarian
  - according to an announcement that appeared in INSTANT MESSAGE, LOCUS was
    sarted "in dissatisfaction with SF WEEKLY"
  - first two issues were "trial issues", which were used to try out different
    types of reproduction, and to line up news sources
  - first issue, designated "Trial Issue Number One", was printed by mimeo in
    living room of NESFAn Anthony Lewis
    > it was two pages and featured a news item about the 1968 Lunacon and an
      obituary for the recently deceased Anthony Boucher
    > not dated, but was published (when?)
  - published 46 issues by the end of 1969, including the two trial issues
    > came out mostly biweekly
    > page counts pregressively increased; after the first few months, it was
      typically about a 4-8 page fanzine
    > first columnist was Anthony Lewis, who in the (which?) issue started a
      semi-regular feature on books
      -- he followed that up with a column reviewing current sf magazines
      -- soon afterwards, a more fannish column by Bob Tucker called "The Time
         Machine" started to appear
  - although the fanzine started out as a tri-editorship, it was Charlie Brown
    who quickly became the dominant force
    > by issue no. 9, Vanderwerf had dropped out, and Meskys had gotten too
      involved with a Tolkien Conference he was organizing at Belknap College
      in New Hampshire to continue
    > editorial void was filled by Charlie's wife Marsha
  - LOCUS went on to win many Hugo Awards for Charlie Brown, first in Fanzine
    category, then in a new Semi-Prozine category that was created in the
    1980s

* WARHOON (ed. Richard Bergeron)
* PSYCHOTIC (ed. Richard E. Geis)
* EGOBOO
* QUIP
* BANE
* LIGHTHOUSE

* ENCLAVE (ed. Joe Pilati)
  - Pilati went on to become journalist and author in Boston area

* ODD
  - edited at first by Ray Fisher, later by Ray and Joyce Fisher


Apas of the 1960s
* Amateur press associations, or apas, are closed groups of fan editors.  Each
  member in the apa sends a specified number of copies of his or her fanzine
  to the apa's Official Editor (or OE); the OE collates all the contributions
  into bundles containing one of each contribution received, and then re-mails
  a bundle to each member
  - each apa has its own dues and required activity schedule, in order for
    members to keep their spot on the membersip roster
  - usually, only a limited number of membership spots are available
    > the most popular apas have waiting lists, for the occasion when someone
      on the membership roster resigned, or was thrown out for not making the
      activity requirement
  - to keep interest up, many of the apas stage a yearly popularity contest, 
    called an `egoboo poll', which is usually broken down into several
    categories such as `Best Publication', `Best Humorist', and `Best Artwork'
  - at the beginning of the 1960s, there were six apas in existence in science
    fiction fandom, but the growth in fandom throughout the 1960s would change
    that

* FAPA (Fantasy Amateur Press Association)
  - fandom's first apa, started in late 1930s by (who?)
  - began the new decade in good fashion with a mailing totalling almost 600
    pages
    > the FAPA egoboo poll in that distribution showed that the preceding year
      was an all-star one for Harry Warner, Jr., as he was the winner in the
      categories of Best Publication, Best Article Writer, and Best Mailing
      Comments, and was the overall poll winner
  - during the 1960s, FAPA acquired a huge waitlist of fans who wanted to join
    > at one point, the number of waitlisters climbed to over 100, equivalent
      to several years waiting to get in for people near the bottom of the
      list
      -- young fans were urged to join the waitlist as soon as possible, so
         that by the time they became interested in the apa, a membership slot
         would come open
    > to help relieve the waitlist pressure, movements arose from time to time
      to raise the FAPA copy count from 65 to 100, but this was resisted by
      many members who didn't want to or couldn't afford to print and mail
      more copies of their fanzine to the OE
      -- one such movement, in the late 1960s, almost succeeded but Jack
         Speer, who was (what position?) then, found a technicality that
         prevented the matter from coming to a vote
      -- FAPA OEs found that a different way of controlling the waitlist was
         more effective: pruning the deadwood
         >> a nominal annual waitlist fee of 25 cents was imposed, and people
            who didn't pay were dropped
         >> another tactic was to require a postcard be sent to the OE at
            regular intervals to affirm the waitlister's continuing interest
            in FAPA
      -- 
  - in 1964, apa got ensnared in the fracas surrounding Walter Breen, and
    14 members exercised their right to blackball his membership application
    > however, the blackball was subsequently overturned by a special vote of
      the membership
    > this incident led to a demonstration by Rich Brown and some other
      members on the dire possibilities the blackball could wreak
      -- at Brown's urging, he and 13 other members exercised their right to
         blackball the *entire* FAPA waiting list, many of whom had been
         waiting for years
         >> this inadvertantly benefited Mike McInerney, who joined the
            waitlist when he found out that there wasn't one any more
            --- the result was that Brown, who was sharing an apartment with
                McInerney, became accused of ulterior motives
      -- after waitlisters complained loudly, FAPA secretary treasurer, Bob
         Pavlat, found a loophole that reinstated the list, but the
         demonstration was not wasted on the membership: the blackball
         provision was modified soon afterward to make it much more difficult
         to use
  - in mid 1960s, much cross-over material from The Cult started to appear
    > led to proposed FAPA constitution amendment  by Rick Sneary to prohibit
      any past or present member of The Cult from being a member of FAPA
      -- Sneary surprised that amendment was taken seriously, but did not
         withdraw it
      -- amendment ultimately defeated by substantial amount

* SAPS (Spectator Amateur Press Society)
  - formed in the late 1940s by (who?)
  - in 1960, started the new decade out with a bang with a 817 page 50th
    mailing, the largest apa mailing ever at that time
    > 32 of the 33 members had contributions in the mailing, also a record
      -- it would have been 33 out of 33, but Ray Schaeffer, who lived in
         Hawaii, had his contribution arrive at the home of OE (who?) just
         hours after the bundles had been mailed out
      -- mailing featured some very good fanzines, including a 60-page issue
         of Art Rapp's SPACEWARP, a 46-page OUTSIDERS by Wrai Ballard, and
         the return to fan publishing by Richard Bergeron with a 21-page
         WARHOON
  - in 1963, OE Bruce Pelz took care of treasury surplus in a unique way: each
    member received, as part of the mailing one of a serially-numbered set of
    U.S. dollar bills

* SFPA (Southern Fandom Press Alliance)
  - founded in 1961, from combined efforts of L.D. Broyles, Bill Plott, Dick 
    Ambrose, and Al Andrews
    > Bill Plott (a.k.a. Billyjoeplottfromopelikaalabama) was teenager known
      as "The Traveling Fan"; visited other fans all throughout the southland
      -- during his travels, came up with idea for apa that would help to
         unify fans in the region
      -- visited Al Andrews and Dick Ambrose, in Alabama, to discuss the idea
         >> Southern Fandom Group (which had been modeled after NFFF) was
            still in existence at that time was envisioned to support an apa
            the same way that NFFF was supporting its apa, N'APA
    > Al Andrews
      -- was enthused by Plott's idea for new apa
      -- second issue of Broyles's THE SOUTHERN FAN contained announcement
         that Andrews had been named chairman of committee designed to
         establish a Southern Fandom Press Association
    > However, neither Plott nor Andrews could take plans to fruition
      -- Plott was more concerned with getting through high school
      -- Andrews often confined to wheelchair; disability prevented him from
         assuming OEship
  - first OE of SFPA was Bob Jennings from Nashville, Tennessee
    > was persuaded by Andrews to take on the job
  - first distribution was September 1961
    > had 76 pages
    > founding members included Plott, Andrews, Jennings, Ambrose, and Dave
      Hulan
    > had special "damnyankee" rule (actually originally suggested by non-
      southerner Bob Lichtman) that only 25% of roster could be non-
      southerners
  - pagecounts in later distributions in 1960s reached as high as 400 pages
  - notable fans within and outside southern U.S. joined SFPA during 1960s
    > included Rick Norwood, Dave Locke, Larry Montgomery, Bill Gibson, L.D.
      Broyles, Lynn Hickman, Joe Staton, Arnie Katz, Dian Pelz, Lon Atkins, Ed
      Cox, Jerry Page, Lee Jacobs, Charles Wells, Hank Reinhardt, Bruce Pelz,
      Fred Lerner, Ned Brooks, Rich Mann, and Andy Porter
    > in 1966, Dave Hulan published a map showing SFPA members residing in
      such un-south places as New York, Ohio, California, and North Dakota
  - the year 1963 was pivotal for the new apa
    > Dave Hulan, who became OE in 1962, wrote SFPA by-laws into a much more
      efficient, comprehensible constitution
      -- established an "egoboo poll" which boosted popularity of the apa,
         gave it much-needed visibility outside the south, and provided an
         energy source for members to sustain their activity in the apa
         >> winner of each year's egoboo poll was designated as the "President
            of SFPA" for the next year, but winner could not be current OE
            --- first egoboo poll, in 1963, saw only five people vote
                >>> OE Dave Hulan won the inaugural poll, so second-place
                    finisher Al Andrews was named President of SFPA
            --- subsequent Presidents during the 1960s were Lon Atkins,
                (others?)
    > first OE Bob Jennings resigned from the apa during 1963
      -- previous year had unwisely published in his SFPAzine a libelous
         article, "A Trip to Hell", written by a non-member, D. Bruce Berry
         >> Berry, who lived in Chicago area, alleged that a well-known
            Chicago fan, Earl Kemp, had robbed him on the streets of Chicago
            on Labor Day night in 1958
            --- based his accusation on what at best can be described as
                flimsy evidence: the assailant was masked, and Berry thought
                he recognized the man as Kemp
            --- allegations did not take into account that Kemp had actually
                been in South Gate, California, at the Worldcon at that time
         >> additionally, Berry accused Kemp of railroading him into an insane
            asylum for three weeks
            --- no litigation apparently resulted from the case, as most
                people were able to recognize Berry's delusions for what they
                were
            --- Jennings, as publisher of the article, also came under sharp
                criticism
      -- Jennings resignation was greeted with relief from Hulan, who believed
         believed that SFPA was in too fragile health at the time to survive
         troubles that might have resulted if Jennings had stayed on
  - 1965 also a rocky year for the apa
    > New York fan Arnie Katz had joined the apa in 1964
      -- his fanzine "Nemesis" was appropriate title, as he let fly with
         barrage of insults against a perceived smugness by the apa and its
         membership
      -- of course, southern fans in apa replied in kind, and resulting
         tenseness didn't dissipate for many months
    > 1965 OE election made Katz episode seem minor by comparison
      -- at the time, SFPA OE was 17-year old Tennessee fan Joe Staton, who
         later went on to a successful career as an artist
         >> Staton was not successful as OE, however
            --- not well equipped to reproduce fanzines or the SFPA official
                organ ("The Southerner")
            --- no other SFPAns lived close enough to help out
            --- had trouble getting Post Office to agree to book rate for SFPA
                mailings
         >> by mailing 16, in June 1965, Staton relinquished OEship to Dave
            Hulan, who had already announced he was candidate in the upcoming
            OE election
      -- OE election was between Hulan and Larry Montgomery
         >> Montgomery voiced loud objections to Hulan assuming OE from Staton
            on emergency basis
            --- claimed it gave unfair advantage to Hulan in the upcoming
                election
            --- by then, Hulan had moved to California; Montgomery claimed
                Hulan was no longer a southerner, therefore ineligible to
                become OE
         >> membership did not agree; Hulan elected overwhelmingly
            --- was the one-sidedness of the results that prevented
                polarization and possible dissolution of the apa
            --- end result of fracas also served to put to rest the perceived
                parochial nature of the apa that Katz had railed against
                >>> SFPA retained "yankee quota" but opened itself more to
                    outsiders
                >>> the very next OE, Lon Atkins, also moved to California,
                    but was re-elected to another term
                >>> rules eventually changed to cover members moving away from
                    the south: "once a Southerner, always a Southerner"
  - by end of decade of the 1960s, a third crisis had descended: disinterest
    > mailing 33, in August 1969, had only 46 pages from the 11 members on the
      roster
      -- an influx of St. Louis fans had occurred during the prior year, and
         all of them had departed as the upcoming St. Louis worldcon neared
      -- four of the remaining members talked about resigning if the next
         mailing didn't show marked improvement
         >> OE Lon Atkins even considered folding the apa
      -- however, crisis seemed to inspire remaining members
         >> November 1969 mailing was back up to almost 200 pages, including
            brief return to activity by Al Andrews
         >> apa steadily gained in interest as time went on, culminating in an
            astonishing 100th mailing in 1980 that totalled over 1400 pages

* OMPA (Off-Trails Magasine Publishers Association)
  - Britain's first apa; started in June 1954 by Ken Bulmer and Vincent Clarke
    > title chosen, in part, because acronym sounded like the echo of a
      trombone
      -- Clarke thought this title would "disperse any stuffiness about the
         introduction of an association with a real constitution into the
         happily anarchic fandom of the time"
    > structure was modeled mostly after FAPA
  - 1950s events of note
    > apa gained notice in North America during Ken and Pam Bulmer's TAFF
      visit there in 1955, which resulted in many U.S. fans joining the group
    > new apa almost immediately added to fannish legendry, when Mercer's Day
      came into being in 1957
      -- then-OE Archie Mercer had scheduled a vote on a batch of pending
         amendments to the OMPA constitution on April 31
      -- OMPA President Walt Willis, checked the OMPA constitution, and found
         that he was empowered to do whatever was required to deal with
         emergencies: "not just OMPA emergencies -- *all* emergencies."  So,
         he issued an order: "I have noticed in past years there have been a
         lot of trouble in various parts of the world on the first of May, on
         account of labor parades and Communist demonstrations.  So this year,
         I rule that there shall be no first of May.  Instead, the day
         following the 30th April shall be known as the 31st April and shall
         be succeeded without interruption by the 2nd May.  Instead of May
         Day, the new Date shall be known as Mercer's Day, in honor of our
         infallible association editor who has so intelligently anticipated my
         wishes."
    > for an exquisite demonstration of `fiawol', the 1959 wedding day
      OMPAzine of New Zealand fans Toni Vondrushka and Lynette Burfield-Mills
      would be hard to top
      -- Vondrushka stopped typing on page 4, just as the ceremony was about
         to get started, then came back to complete the stencil afterwards
  - at start of 1960s, the still-new apa appeared active and happy, but it
    would not remain that way for much longer
  - page count was over 1500 for 1959, 57 members
    > stayed more or less at those levels until 1966
      -- including one 403 page mailing in June of 1962
      -- U.K. membership had been steadily declining, U.S. increasing over
         the years
      -- in 1966, only 734 pages
         >> June 1966 mailing was the last one for more than a year
  - in 1966, the Great OMPA Blitzkrieg dumps Brian Jordon as Association
    Editor due to missed mailings
    > Archie Mercer takes over
  - in Sept. 1967, German fan Heinrich Arenz became AE
    > put out only one mailing (the 50th), in March 1968
    > fanzines subsequently sent to him never reappear
  - Beryl Mercer assumes AE-ship in December 1968
    > publishes 52nd mailing
    > 51st mailing remains a "ghost" mailing
  - Daphne Buckmaster's fanzine, ESPRIT, became a good general interest
    fanzine
    > five post-OMPA issues, the last appeared in 1961
    > page count grew to 50 pages, by 3rd issue
    > correspondents from North America and Britain
  - [[ NOTE: This summary is pathetic.  I need someone to do a time-consuming
       review of OMPA in the 1960s, and write summaries of each distribution. 
       It's the only way to gain a better idea of some of the things that
       happened in the apa. ]]